Design of Triple-Band Dielectric Resonator Antenna for WLAN Application

Abstract

his study describes the design and implementation of a compact triple-band Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) for Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) applications. The suggested antenna features a new hybrid dielectric structure consisting of two overlapping hemispherical resonators with radii and separated by a distance. This study introduces a new triple band DRA architecture that is fed by a microstrip line. On a FR-4 substrate, two cut cylindrical dielectric resonators make up the suggested configuration. The microstrip feed line\'s precise length and positioning are crucial for accomplishing multi-band functioning because they efficiently stimulate three different resonant modes. Triple band operation with severe resonances at roughly 6.57 GHz, 8.01 GHz, and 9.2 GHz is confirmed by the simulated return loss (S11) response, which was acquired via HFSS. Because these frequency bands span a large spectrum, the antenna can be used in a number of high-frequency applications. Its potential for incorporation into future wireless local area network (WLAN) systems and other microwave communication systems is suggested by its small size, effective design, and good performance metrics.

Introduction

I. Overview of Recent Developments in DRAs

With the rising need for compact, high-performance antennas in modern wireless systems, Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) have gained attention due to:

• High radiation efficiency

• Low loss

• Design flexibility

Key Contributions in Literature:

• Wang et al.: Triple-band cylindrical DRA for WLAN.

• Li et al.: Wideband MIMO antenna with bent slits to improve isolation.

• Liu et al.: Compact UWB MIMO antenna for portable devices.

• Antonino-Daviu et al.: UWB slot ring antenna for diversity.

• These are all grounded in the foundational work by Petosa on DRA theory and implementation.

II. Literature Review Highlights

Researchers are targeting multi-band, polarization-diverse, and miniaturized DRA designs for:

• WLAN, WiMAX, Bluetooth, LTE, Zigbee, and WBANs

Notable Research:

• Sharma et al.: Tri-band hybrid DRA with monopole, dual-port.

• Rao (2014, 2021): Cylindrical and tri-band hybrid DRA for WBANs and WiMAX with low SAR and high gain.

• Mitra et al.: Circularly polarized DRA for multi-standard wireless use.

• Lu et al.: Stair-shaped DRA with wide axial ratio bandwidth.

• Bemani et al.: Compact rectangular DRA using single resonator for triple-band use.

Themes across studies:

• Multi-band operation

• Improved isolation

• Circular polarization

• Size reduction without compromising performance

III. Proposed Antenna Design

A new cylindrical triple-band DRA is presented, featuring:

• Two partially cut cylindrical DRAs (Rogers RT/duroid 6010, ε? = 10.2)

• FR-4 substrate (ε? = 4.4, thickness = 1.6 mm)

• Microstrip feed in an “L” shaped layout for excitation

• Optimized geometry to control resonant frequencies and enhance gain

Key Parameters:

• Dimensions like L = 50 mm, R1 = 8.5 mm, R2 = 12 mm, etc.

• Geometric asymmetry helps achieve triple-band operation

IV. Simulation Results (Using HFSS)

• Return Loss (S11): Sharp dip at 6.5 GHz with -26.1 dB, indicating excellent resonance

• VSWR: 1.06 at 6.5 GHz — near-perfect impedance match

• Current Density:

  • Without dome: Peak ~19.34 A/m

  • With dome: Peak ~352.2 A/m → Higher field concentration and gain

• Gain: Peaks at 6.43 dBi at 6.5 GHz — suitable for high-frequency uses (e.g., radar, 5G)

Conclusion

A triple-band dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) was successfully designed and analysed using Ansys HFSS to operate efficiently at 6.5 GHz and two additional frequency bands. The antenna comprises a microstrip-fed rectangular patch on an FR4 substrate (?? = 4.4), enhanced with a hemispherical dielectric dome. Simulation results confirmed strong performance, with a return loss of -26.10dB and VSWR of 1.06 at 6.5 GHz, indicating excellent impedance matching and minimal reflection. Current density analysis showed a peak of 19.3 A/m without the dome and 352.2 A/m with the dome, validating the dome’s role in enhancing field concentration and radiation efficiency. The antenna achieved a peak gain of 6.43 dBi, confirming its suitability for high-frequency applications such as 5G, radar, and satellite systems. The use of a low-cost FR4 substrate and a simple patch geometry ensures fabrication ease and scalability. Overall, the proposed DRA demonstrates strong performance across multiple bands, and the inclusion of a hemispherical dome effectively enhances current flow and gain without increasing design complexity.

References

[1] Wang, Jing Rui, Li Zhang, and Mei Song Tong. \"A Novel Design of Triple-band Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for WLAN Applications.\" 2020 IEEE MTT-S International Conference on Numerical Electromagnetic and Multiphysics Modeling and Optimization (NEMO). IEEE, 2020. [2] Li, Jian-Feng, Qing-Xin Chu, and Tian-Gui Huang. \"A compact wideband MIMO antenna with two novel bent slits.\" IEEE Transactions on antennas and propagation 60.2 (2011): 482-489. [3] Liu, Li, S. W. Cheung, and T. I. Yuk. \"Compact MIMO antenna for portable devices in UWB applications.\" IEEE transactions on antennas and propagation 61.8 (2013): 4257-4264. [4] Antonino-Daviu, E., et al. \"Ultra-wideband slot ring antenna for diversity applications.\" Electronics letters 46.7 (2010): 478 480. [5] Petosa, Aldo. Dielectric resonator antenna handbook. Artech, 2007. [6] Sharma, Anand, Gourab Das, and Ravi Kumar Gangwar. \"Design and analysis of tri?band dual? port dielectric resonator-based hybrid antenna for WLAN/WiMAX applications.\" IET Microwaves, Antennas & Propagation 12.6 (2018): 986-992. [7] Rao, L. Nageswara. \"A Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks.\" International Journal of Microwaves Applications 3.1 (2014): 7-11. [8] Rao, Lavuri Nageswara, Govardhani Immadi, and Madhava Reddy Venkata Narayana. \"Design of Tri-Band Hybrid Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Wireless Applications.\" Progress In Electromagnetics Research Letters 98 (2021): 75-85. [9] Mitra, Dipanwita, M. Midya, and M. Mitra. \"Triple-band circularly polarized dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN, Wi MAX, Bluetooth, Zigbee and LTE application.\" 2018 International Conference on Computing, Power and Communication Technologies (GUCON). IEEE, 2018. [10] L. Lu, Y. Jiao, H. Zhang, R. Wang, and T. Li, “Wideband circularly polarized antenna with stair-shaped dielectric resonator and open-ended slot ground,” in IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, vol. 15, pp. 1755-1758, 2016. [11] Bemani, M., S. Nikmehr, and H. Younesiraad. \"A novel small triple band rectangular dielectric resonator antenna for WLAN and WiMAX applications.\" Journal of Electromagnetic Waves and Applications 25.11-12 (2011): 1688-1698.

Copyright

Copyright © 2025 Attada Rajesh, Harika Macharla, Venu Venkat Raju, Chinni Uma Bharathi, Suravaram Yashwanth. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.